Hydraulic shock absorber



Feb. 16, 1932. N. D GARIS ET AL 1,845,911

HYDRAULIC SHOCK ABS ORBER Filed July 7, 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 F: Q." if a IN VZZV T 0125 Feb. 16, 1932. D GAR|5 ET AL 1,845,911

HYDRAULIC SHOCK ABSORBER Filed July '7, 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 .7117 V1? 20125 Jrmm a 45 Mriafl. Gar ca HYDRAULIC SHOCK ABSORBER Filed July 7. 1931 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 22 5.5 553 5657 a 58 flw/zwrozzg .D. Garw- Patented Feb. 16, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE NOAH D. ems AND mm B. ems, or rn LanELPms. rnnnsrnvanra HYDRAULIC SHOCK ABSORBER.

Application flied July 7,

Our invention relates to new and useful improvements in a hydraulic shock absorber, and has for one of its objects to provide a simple and effective device which will prea vent excessive movement of the body of a vehicle with respect to the axles or wheels.

Another object of our invention is to produce a shock absorber of the class described including a partition and rotor forming two chambers for the reception of fluid, the working or contiguous faces of the partition and rotor being inclined or oblique to the top and bottom walls of said chambers so that said chambers are substantially prismatic in shape.

Another object of the invention is to provide the partition and rotor with oblique working faces whereby the action upon the fluid or vice versa will be smooth and even in contra-distinction to the abrupt action which occurs where the working faces are at right angles to the top and bottom walls of the chambers.

Another object of the invention is to provide a compartment in communication with the chambers, which compartment will be termed a fluid reservoir for convenience of description, and to provide means for supplying fluid from the reservoir to the chambars in order to keep the latter filled at all times for the elimination of air pockets in the chambers. This arrangement will keep the chambers filled with oil under slight pressure and eliminate play or lost motion.

A further object of the invention is to provide a pump for forcing fluid from the reservoir which will tend to project fluid into the same chamber which is receiving fluid from the other chamber and at the same time thereby maintaining said chambers full of fluid and is to so position said pump that when the device is in use the pump will be submerged in fluid.

A still further object of the invention is to provide for operating the pum from the rotor shaft, said pump being of ual construe tion whereby each stroke will alternately feed fluid to both chambers.

With these and other ends on view, this invention consists in the details of construction and combination of elements hereinafter 1931. Serial No. 549,180.

set forth and then specifically designated by the claims.

In order that those skilled in the art to which this invention appertains may under: stand how to make and use the same, We will describe its construction in detail, referring by numerals to the accompanying drawings :tormmg a part of this application, in which Fig. 1 is a side elevation of our hydraulic shock absorber illustrating one manner of connecting thesame to a vehicle.

Fig. 2 is a face view of the pump operating yoke per se.

Fig. 3 is an edge view of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is an outer end view of the casing 01' main part of the shock absorber with the cover or closure removed. 7

Fig. 5 is a similar view with the yoke o crating collar removed and a part of the yoke broken away and one of the pump cylinders shown in section. f

Fig. (i likewise is a similar View with the rotor and compartment parts as Well as the disc carrying the pump being removed.

Fig. 7 is a vertical sectional View of the entire device except for the operating arm on the line 7-7 of Fig. 4, with the rotor and a portion of the partition left in elevation.

Fig. 8 is a section on the line 8-8 of Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a side elevation of the rotor per se.

Fig. 10 is an inner end view thereof.

Fig. 11 is a perspective view of the parti,- tion.

Fig. 12 is an enlarged sectional view of the disc carrying the pump on the line 12-:12 of Fig. 5, with the yoke and collar shown in place relative to the rotor shaft, a portion of which is illustrated in elevation.

In carrying out our invention as herein embodied, 15 indicates a part of a side rail of the frame of a vehicle and 16 is any suit: able bracket secured to the vehicle spring or some other suitable part of the vehicle such as the axle, axle housing or the like.

Our shock absorber is illustrated as con: nected to these two parts and comprises a casing 17 provided with apertured lugs 1 8 by which said casing may be attached to the vehicle through the medium bolts 19 or their equivalent. The interior of the casing at its outer end has an internally threaded counter bore producing a shoulder on which rests the flange 21 of the disc 22, said disc being held in place by the engagement of the closure 23 with the flange 21. The closure has an externally threaded reduced portion for removably mounting said closure in place and if found desirable, said closure may be provided with a hole 24 through which any suitable fluid may bepoured for fillingthe casing, said hole being normally closed by a threaded plug 25. The hole 24 should be so located that when the device isin use it will be situated at the top as shown in Fig. l.

' The closure 23 is also provioed with a central opening 26 for the passage of the rotor shaft which will be presently described and said opening is surrounded by a stuffing box 27 to hold a packing 28 which will be set up by the glandnut 29.

The disc 22 defines or divides the interior of the casing, including the closure, into a rotor compartment and into a supply compartment or reservoir 30 and in the rotor compartment is a partition 31 which, while we have illustrated it as a separate element, may be formed as an integral part of the casing. The partition 31 has opposed 1n-- clined working faces 32 which are oblique to the end walls of the rotor compartment defined by the inner end wall of the casing and the disc 22 and the central portion 33 of the partition extends from the disc 22 to the innner face of the inner end wall of the cas- 1n l Vhere the partition 31 is made as a separate element from the casing 17 said partition is held in a fixed position by a p n 34, or its equivalent, engaging the partition and casing.

Within the rotor compartment is rotatably mounted a rotor 35 having a pair of opposed inclined working faces 36 which are oblique to the ends of the rotor compartment and each of the working faces of the rotor is in opposed relation to each of the working faces of the partition. In other words, where the working faces of the partition are on the outer end thereof, the working faces of the rotor are on the inner end of the latter and produce fluid chambers 37 between them which chambers may be said to have a prismatic configuration or outline.

I The rotor 35 is carried by a shaft 38 located in the axis of the casing and has its inner end supported inany suitable manner, preferably by set-ting said inner end in a socket or recess 39 in the inner wall of the casing and said shaft passes through a hole 40' in the disc 22 and through the'opening 26 in the closure 23 with its outer end projecting beyond said closure for the reception of the operating arm 41, Fig; 1, for rotating the rotor shaft and said arm may be connected with any suitable link 42 which in turn is connected with the bracket 16.

The two fluid chambers 37 are in communication with each other through a transverse passageway 43 formed in that part of the rotor shaft located within the rotor compartment and this passageway is controlled by a needle valve 44 in the bore 45 of the rotor shaft which bore intersects the passageway 43. The needle valve 44 has threaded connection with the rotor shaft and its outer'end is packed in any suitable manner and as here shown that portion of the bore at the outer endjof the rotor shaft is enlarged to produce a stuffing box 46 for the reception of packing 47 which is set up by the gland nut 48.

The disc 22 may be held against rotation in any suitable manner and for convenience of illustration only, the partition 31 is shown as provided with a pin 49 which will register with a hole in the inner end or face of said disc. The disc 22 has two enlargements 50 in opposed relation and are bored to provide cylinders 51. A convenient way to form said cylinders is to bore entirely through one of the enlargementand part way into the other and thenclose the outer end of the opening which has been bored all the way through the enlargement by a plug 52 so that the outer ends of the cylinder are closed while the inner ends are open and each cylinder has an opening 53' leading from its outer end through the disc for communication with the rotor compartment, one of said passa eways 53 communicating with one of the chambers 37 while the other pasageway 53 1gommunicates with the other of said chamers. a

A doubleended or dual piston 54 bridges the space between the two cylinders and -is slidably mounted in both of said cylinders and in each end of the piston is formed a longitudinal opening 55 running in a sufficient distance so that a transverse opening 56 will be uncovered during a part of the piston stroke to permit the passage of fluid from the reservoir or compartment '30 into the opening 55 thence into the cylinder from which it will be forced by the piston into one way 53. If desired, the openings 55 in the pistons may be controlled by any suitable check valve here shown as a ball 57 spring actuated in one direction by a spring 58 mounted in the opening 55 and held in place by a bushing 59. w 4

The pump piston is reciprocated by a yoke 60 which surrounds the rotor shaft with one end pivoted as at-61" while theother end is provided with a tongue 62 which registers with a recess or notch 63 midway between the ends of the piston, and-said yoke is oscillated by lugs 64 depending from the underside of the collar 65 mountedon the rotor shaft and fixedthereto by a set screw-66. The lugs 64 are so arranged relative to the walls of the yoke with which they contact that after the yoke has been oscillated sufficiently to reciprocate the piston its full stroke in either direction, said lugs 64 are freed from the yoke and may move a further distance without actuating said yoke.

The shock absorber is arranged to prevent excessive movements only, as between the frame of the vehicle and axle or wheels, and to resist such movement in proportion to the amount thereof, the greater the excess of movement the greater the resistance. To this end, the passageway 43 forming the communication between the two fluid chambers 37 is relatively small and may be controlled by the valve 44 so as to change or regulate the flexibility of the device or the operations of said device. The more the passageway 43 is opened, the faster will be the movement of the rotor from one position to another.

During the movements of the rotor, the working faces thereof will be moved toward and away from the working faces of the partition 31 and that working face of the rotor which moves toward an adjacent working face of said artition will cause the chamber between saic working faces to be gradually diminished in size thereby forcing the fluid in such chamber through the passageway 43 into the opposite fluid chamber and the movement of said rotor will be regulated by the speed with which the fluid may escape from one chamber to the other through the valve controlled passageway 43. Because of the inclined or oblique working faces, the movements of the rotor will be smooth and even due to the squeezing action of the working faces on the fluid rather than an abrupt pounding action.

Each time a quantity of fluid is transferred from one fluid chamber to the other due to the rotary motion of the rotor, the ump will also function to supply or force nid from the reservoir into the fluid chamber receiving fluid from the other fluid chamber and therefore said chambers will be maintained in a filled condition under slight pressure thus preventing the formation of air pockets which might occur from leakage around the rotor shaft where it passes through the disc. Of course, it should be understood that provision is made for leakage around the pump to prevent excess pressure which might hinder the proper operations of the entire device.

Of course, we do not wish to be limited to the exact details of construction as herein shown, as these may be varied within the limits of the appended claims without depart ing from the spirit of our invention.

Having thus fully described our invention, what we claim as new and useful is 1. A hydraulic shock absorber consisting of a casing including a compartment to contain a fluid, a partition within said compartment and provided with opposed oblique working faces, a rotor movably mounted in said compartment and having opposed oblique working faces, the working faces of the rotor being arranged in opposition to the working faces of the partition and producing two liquid chambers between the adjacent working faces of both the rotor and partition, and an actuating member connected with the rotor and extending through and T movable in an opening into said compartment, said actuating member having a passageway therethrough to provide a communication between the two chambers.

2. The structure set forth in claim 1, in combination with means mounted in said actuating member for controlling the passageway and accessible for manual operation at the outer end of said actuating member.

3. A hydraulic shock absorber consisting of a casing, means within said casing to divide the interior thereof into a rotor compartment and a reservoir, a partition within the rotor compartment, a rotor also located in the rotor compartment carry the ends of the rotor toward opposite sides of the partition and the spaces between opposite ends of the rotor and the partition providing chambers to contain a liquid for opposing the movements of the rotor, an actuating member connected with the rotor and extending through and movable in an opening into said chamber, said actuating member having a passageway therethrough to provide a communication between the two chambers, a dual pump having communication with the reservoir and the two chambers whereby fluid contained in the reservoir may be forced into the chambers, and mechanism for trans mittin motion from the actuating member to 'sai pump whereby fluid will be forced from the reservoir into each chamber as the later is increased in capacity.

tThe structure set forth in claim 3, in combination with manually operable means for controlling the passageway between the two chambers, means for packing the actuating member where it passes through the casing and means to permit the replenishing of the reservoir with fluid.

5. A hydraulic shock absorber consisting of a casing to contain a liquid, a disc to divide the interior of said easing into a rotor compartment and a reservoir, the latter having. a filling opening leading thereto, means to normall close said filling opening, a partition wit in the rotor compartment and. having opposed inclined working faces, a rotor, movably mounted within the rotor chamber and having inclined working faces in opposition to the working faces of the artition and the adjacent working faces of oth the partition and rotor providing chambers in which fluid is contained to oppose the movements of the rotor, a rotor shaft conand movable to alternately "ice Ciao

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nected with the rotor having its inner end supported at the inner end of the casing and having its outer end extending through and movable in an opening in said casing, said rotor shaft having a controlled passageway therethrough to provide communication between the two chambels, pump cylinders on the disc each in communication with one of the chambers through openings in said disc, a dual pump piston slidably mounted in the cylinders and having passageways forming communications between the reservoir and said cylinders whereby reciprocation of the dual pump piston will alternately force fluid from the reservoir into the chambers, and means for transmitting motion from the rotor shaft to the dual pump piston.

6. The structure set forth in claim 5, wherein the means for transmitting motion to the dual pump piston consisting of a collar fixed on the rotor shaft, lugs depending from said collar, a yoke surrounding the rotor shaft, and pivoted at the end thereof fartherest removed from the dual pump piston, said yoke being engageable by the lugs on the collar for oscillating said yoke as the collar is rotated with the rotor shaft and a tongue carried by the yoke and engaging the dual pump piston to cause the latter to move as the yoke is actuated.

7. A hydraulic shock absorber consisting of a casing to contain a liquid, a disc to divide the interior of said casing into a rotor I compartment and-a reservoir, the latter having a filling opening leading thereto means to normally close said filling opening, a partition within the rotor compartment and having opposed inclined working faces, a rotor movably mounted within the rotor chamber and having inclined working faces in opposition to the working faces of the partition and the adjacent working faces of both the partition and rotor providing chambers in which fluid is contained to oppose the movements of the rotor, a rotor shaft connected with the rotor having its inner end supported at the inner end of the casing and having its outer end extending through and movable in an opening in said'casing, said rotor shaft having a controlled passageway therethrough to provide communication between the two chambers, pump cylinders on the disc each in comunication with one of the chambers through openings in said disc, a dual pump piston slidably mounted in the cylinders and having passageways forming communications between the reservoir and said cylinders whereby reciprocation of the dual pump piston will alternately force fluid from the reservoir into the chambers, check valves for controlling the passageways through the dual pump piston, a yoke having one end pivoted to the disc and having a portion thereof set in a notch intermediate the ends of the dual pump piston and means for imparting oscillatory movements to said yoke from the rotor shaft whereby the dual pump system will be reciprocate In testimony whereof, we have hereunto afiixed our signatures.

NOAH D. GARIS. MARTHA B. GARIS.

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